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Bay Linear
Linear Excellence 100mA Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
LM2931
Description
The Bay Linear LM2931 are low power voltage regulators designed for a wide range of applications. They are an excellent choice for use in Battery Powered applications. The LM2931 feature low quiescent current (100 A Typ.) and low dropout of only 60mV at light loads and 300mV (typ.) at 100mA. The LM2931 has tight initial tolerance of 0.5% typ., extremely good load and line regulation of 0.05% typ. and very low output temperature coefficient. The Bay Linear LM2931 is available as a fixed voltage regulator and as an adjustable regulator in TO-92 and 8SOIC packages. The Bay Linear LM2931 in an 8SOIC package has an adjustable output voltage from 3V to 24V, programmed with a pair of external resistor. The logic compatible shutdown enables the regulator to be switched ON and OFF.
Features
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * Guaranteed 100mA Output Fixed Versions 3.3V, 50.V, 8.0 Very Low Quiescent Current Low Dropout Voltage Extremely Tight Load and Line Regulation Very Low Temperature Coefficient Current and Thermal Limiting Reverse Battery Protection of -20V Transient protection of 60V Output programmable from 3V to 24V Battery Powered Systems Portable instrumentation Notebooks Computers Potable Consumer Equipment Automotive electronics SMPS Post-Regulator
Applications
Pin Connection
TO-92 SOT-89
1 BAY LM2931 OUTPUT
INPUT GND OUTPUT
Ordering Information
Package
2 3
SOT-89 TO-92 8-SOIC
INPUT
Tolerance LM2931R-XX LM2931Z-XX LM2931M-XX
GROUND
Front View
"XX" Voltage Selection Guide Vout 3.3V 5.0V 8.0V 8.5V 9.0V 10.0V 12.0V 15.0V Adjustable XX Code 33 50 80 85 90 10 12 15 Left Blank
Bottom View
8SOIC (M)
Output GND GND Feedback 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 Input GND GND Shutdown
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
Absolute Maximum Rating
Parameter
Power Dissipation Lead Temperature ( Soldering 5 seconds ) Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Input Supply Voltage Internally Limited 260 C -65 C to +150 C -55 C to +150 C -20 to +35V
Electrical Characteristics
TJ = 25C , IO = 100A, VIN = 14V ( for 2931-15 VIN = 16V), CO = 100F; unless otherwise specified) Parameter Conditions MIN TYP MAX
Output Voltage (Fixed Version) Output Voltage (Fixed Version) Input Supply Voltage Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient Line Regulation (Note 2) Load Regulation (Note 2) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Ground Current (Note 5) -25 C Tj 85 C Full Operating Temperature 100A IL 100mA, Tj T jmax (Note 1) 13V VIN 26V (Note 3) 100A IL 100mA IL = 100A IL = 100mA IL = 100A IL = 10mA IL = 100mA VIN = (VOUT - 0.5V), IL = 100A VOUT = 0 CL = 2.2F CL = 3.3F CL = 33F IO = 10mA, f = 120Hz, C0 = 100F VIN = VO + 3V+2Vpp 0.985 [ Vo ] 0.98 [ Vo ] 0.975 [Vo ] Vo 50 0.1 0.1 60 300 100 0.9 8 110 160 0.05 500 350 120 60 Vo 1.015 [ Vo ] 1.02 [ Vo ] 1.025 [ Vo ] 26 150 0.4 0.3 200 600 150 1.5 12 170 200 0.2 V V ppm / C % % mV A mA mA A mA %/W Vrms
UNIT
V
Dropout Ground Current Current Limit Thermal Regulation (Note 6) Output Noise, 10Hz to 100KHz IL = 10mA Ripple Rejection Ratio
dB
8 pin Versions only (LP2951)
Reference Voltage Over Temperature (Note 7) Feedback Pin Bias Current Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient Feedback Pin Bias Current Temperature Coefficient Shutdown Input Input Logic Voltage Shutdown Pin Input Current Regulator Output Current in Shutdown (Note 1) 1.21 1.185 1.235 20 50 0.1 1.26 1.285 40 V A ppm/C A/C
Low (Regulator ON) High (Regulator OFF) VS = 2.4V VS = 26V (Note 8) 5.0V VOUT 15.0V 3.3V VOUT 5.0V 2.0V VOUT 3.3V
1.3 2 30 450
0.7 50 600 10 20 30
V A
A
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
Note 1: Output or reference voltage temperature coefficients defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range. Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25C, VIN = VO +1V, IL = 100A and CL = 1F. Additional conditions for the 8pin versions are feedback tied to -XX Voltage tap and output tied to output Sense pin ( VOUT = XX V) and VSHUTDOWN 0.8V Note 2: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature , using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered under specification for thermal regulation. Note 3: Line regulation for is tested at 150C for IL = 1mA. For IL = 100A and TJ = 125C, line regulation is guaranteed by design to 0.2%. for B2931-15 16V VIN 26V. Note 4: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value measured at 1V differential. Note 5: Ground pin Current is the regulator quiescent current. The total current drawn from the source is the sum of the ground pin current and output load current. Note 6: Thermal regulation is the change in output voltage at a time T after a change in power dissipation, excluding load or line regulation effects. Specifications are for a 50 mA load pulse (1.25W) for T = 10ms. Note 7: VREF VOUT (VIN -1V), 2.3V VIN 26V, 100A IL 100mA, TJ TJMAX Note 8: VSHUTDOWN 2V, VIN 26V, VOUT = 0
Application Hints The LM2931 requires an output capacitor for device stability. The value required varies greatly depending upon the application circuit and other factors. The high frequency characteristics of electrolytic capacitors depend greatly on the type and also on the manufacturer. Sometimes only bench testing is the only means to determine the proper capacitor type and value. The high quality 100 F aluminum electrolytic covers all general application circuits, this stability can be obtained with a tantalum electrolytic value of 47 F. Another critical point of electrolytic characteristics is its performance over temperature. The LM2931 is designed to operate starting at -40C which may not be true in the case of electrolytic. Higher temperatures generally no problem. The electrolytic. type in aluminum will freeze around -30C. This could cause an oscillation at output of regulator. At a lower temperature requirement by many applications the capacitor should maintain its performance. So as a result, for an application which regulator junction temperature does not exceed 25C, the output capacitor can be reduced by the
factor of two over the value needed for the entire temperature range. Other points with linear regulators are that the twitch higher output current stability decreases. In most applications the LM2931 is operating at few milliamps. In these applications the output capacitance can be further reduced. For example, when the regulator is running at 10mA output current the output capacitance value is half compared to the same regulator that is running at 100 mA. With the LM2931 adjustable regulator, the minimum value of output capacitance is a function of the output voltage. The value decreases with higher output voltages, since the internal loop gain is reduced. The worst case occurs at the lower temperature and maximum operating currents, the entire circuit and the electrolytic, should be cooled down to the minimum temperature. The minimum of 0.6 volts required at the input of regulator above the output to keep the power dissipation and die heating to its minimum. After the value for the capacitor has been determined for actual use, the value should be doubled.
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
QUIESCENT CURRENT QUIESCENT CURRENT REFERENCE VOLTAGE
25
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -40 0 40 80 120 0
VIN = 14V REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10
LM2931CT ADJUSTABLE
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
20 15 10
~ ~ ~ ~ IO = 50mA
3 2 1 0
IO = 0mA
30
60
90
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT
0.6
INPUT OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
0.6
INPUT OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
800 500
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 40 80 120
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) LOW VOLTAGE BEHAVIOR IO = 50mA IO = 10mA IO = 100mA
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 50
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (TO-220)
TJ = 25C
400 300 200 100 0
TJ = 85C TJ = -40C
100
0
10
20
30
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (TO-92)
6.0
LM2931 5.0 IO = 100 mA POWER DISSIPATION (W)
22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
INFINITE HEAT SINK POWER DISSIPATION (W)
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) 0.4" LENGTH FROMPC BOARD 0.125" LEAD LENGTH FROM PC BOARD
5.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4.0
10 C/W HEAT SINK
3.0
2.0
NO HEAT SINK
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (SO8)
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION
OPERATION DURING LOAD DUMP
1.0 0.9
POWER DISSIPATION (W) OUTPUT IMPEDANCE () )
10
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C)
1
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LM29315.0 IO = 10mA
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0~ ~ 6 4 2 0 -2 -100
0.1
0.01 0 30 60 90 120 150
FREQUENCY (Hz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
CO = 100F RL = 500W
~ ~
0
100
200
300
400
500
TIME (ms)
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
LM2931 ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT
LM2931 Fixed Output
LM2931
LM2931 ADJ.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
PACKAGE DRAWING TO-92(Z)
0.090 (2.286) Radius typ. 2 1 3 0.145 (3.683) 0.135 (3.429) 0.055 (1.397) 0.045 (1.143)
10 typ.
BOTTOM VIEW
0.185 (4.699) 0.045 (1.143) 0.085 (2.159) Diameter
5 typ.
0.185 (4.699) 0.175 (4.445) 0.090 (2.286) typ. 5 typ. Seating Plane
0.025 (0.635) Max Uncontrolled Lead Diameter 0.500 (12.70) Min.
0.016 (0.406) 0.014 (0.356) 0.055 (1.397) 0.045 (1.143) 0.105 (2.667) 0.095 (2.413) 0.0155 (0.3937) 0.0145 (0.3683)
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
PACKAGE DRAWING SO-8(M)
4.0 (0.158) 3.8 (0.150)
5.2 (0.205) 4.6 (0.181)
6.2 (0.244) 5.8 (0.228)
Pin 1
1.27 (0.50) BSC
1.75 (0.069) 1.35 (0.053) 0.78 (0.031) 0.61 (0.024) 5.0 (0.197) 4.8 (0.188) 0.37 (0.015) BSC 45 0.77 (0.030) 0.64 (0.025) 7 (4 PLCS)
3 -6
0.56 (0.022) 0.49 (0.019) 0.45 (0.018) 0.35 (0.014) 0.20 (0.008) 0.10 (0.004) 0.22 (0.009) 0.19 (0.007) 7 (4 PLCS)
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com
LM2931
PACKAGE DRAWING SOT-89(R)
A
C
J
N P 1 2 3
K B F D G -T-
STYLE 1 PIN 1. BASE 2. COLLECTOR 3. EMITTER
STYLE 3 PIN 1. GATE 2. ANODE 3. CATHODE
DIM A B C D E F G J K L N P
STYLE 2 PIN 1. ANODE 2. CATHODE 3. NO CONNECTION
STYLE 4 PIN 1. DRAIN 2. GATE 3. SOURCE
MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 4.40 4.60 2.29 2.60 140 160 0.36 0.48 1.62 1.80 0.44 0.53 150 BSC 0.35 0.44 0.80 1.04 300 BSC 2.04 2.28 3.94 4.25
INCHES MIN MAX 0.174 0.181 0.091 0.102 0.056 0.062 0.015 0.018 0.064 0.070 0.018 0.020 0.059 BSC 0.014 0.017 0.032 0.040 0.118 BSC 0.081 0.089 0.156 0.167
Advance Information- These data sheets contain descriptions of products that are in development. The specifications are based on the engineering calculations, computer simulations and/ or initial prototype evaluation. Preliminary Information- These data sheets contain minimum and maximum specifications that are based on the initial device characterizations. These limits are subject to change upon the completion of the full characterization over the specified temperature and supply voltage ranges.
The application circuit examples are only to explain the representative applications of the devices and are not intended to guarantee any circuit design or permit any industrial property right to other rights to execute. Bay Linear takes no responsibility for any problems related to any industrial property right resulting from the use of the contents shown in the data book. Typical parameters can and do vary in different applications. Customer's technical experts must validate all operating parameters including " Typical" for each customer application.
LIFE SUPPORT AND NUCLEAR POLICY Bay Linear products are not authorized for and should not be used within life support systems which are intended for surgical implants into the body to support or sustain life, in aircraft, space equipment, submarine, or nuclear facility applications without the specific written consent of Bay Linear President.
Bay Linear, Inc
2478 Armstrong Street, Livermore, CA 94550 Tel: (925) 989-7144, Fax: (925) 940-9556
www.baylinear.com

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